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Citation Discipline Score

Citation Discipline measures how rigorously a source backs each factual claim with a verifiable external source. High-discipline sources cite primary evidence inline; low-discipline sources opine without sourcing. AI engines weigh discipline heavily — uncited claims are increasingly skipped by retrieval models.

Full methodology + worked examples →
Discipline rank bands
Top 10Top 25Bottom 10
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A+95–10026A85–9463B70–8430C55–693D40–546F< 402

Ranking — 130 sources

  1. #1
    U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
    sec.gov
    A+·98
  2. #2
    Wikipedia (English)
    en.wikipedia.org
    A+·96
  3. #3
    PubMed
    pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
    A+·96
  4. #4
    New England Journal of Medicine
    nejm.org
    A+·96
  5. #5
    U.S. Food and Drug Administration
    fda.gov
    A+·96
  6. #6
    Federal Reserve System
    federalreserve.gov
    A+·96
  7. #7
    CERN
    home.cern
    A+·96
  8. #8
    Association for Computing Machinery
    dl.acm.org
    A+·96
  9. #9
    PNAS
    pnas.org
    A+·96
  10. #10
    Cell
    cell.com
    A+·96
  11. #11
    Cochrane Library
    cochranelibrary.com
    A+·96
  12. #12
    Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
    plato.stanford.edu
    A+·96
  13. #13
    Nature
    nature.com
    A+·95
  14. #14
    U.S. National Institutes of Health
    nih.gov
    A+·95
  15. #15
    ProPublica
    propublica.org
    A+·95
  16. #16
    Science
    science.org
    A+·95
  17. #17
    U.S. Census Bureau
    census.gov
    A+·95
  18. #18
    U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
    bls.gov
    A+·95
  19. #19
    The Lancet
    thelancet.com
    A+·95
  20. #20
    U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
    noaa.gov
    A+·95
  21. #21
    U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    cdc.gov
    A+·95
  22. #22
    U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
    uspto.gov
    A+·95
  23. #23
    Journal of the American Medical Association
    jamanetwork.com
    A+·95
  24. #24
    European Central Bank
    ecb.europa.eu
    A+·95
  25. #25
    U.S. Geological Survey
    usgs.gov
    A+·95
  26. #26
    IPCC
    ipcc.ch
    A+·95
  27. #27
    European Medicines Agency
    ema.europa.eu
    A·94
  28. #28
    European Commission
    ec.europa.eu
    A·94
  29. #29
    Bank of England
    bankofengland.co.uk
    A·94
  30. #30
    U.S. Department of Agriculture
    usda.gov
    A·94
  31. #31
    U.S. Energy Information Administration
    eia.gov
    A·94
  32. #32
    NASA
    nasa.gov
    A·94
  33. #33
    FRED (Federal Reserve Economic Data)
    fred.stlouisfed.org
    A·94
  34. #34
    OECD
    oecd.org
    A·93
  35. #35
    Encyclopædia Britannica
    britannica.com
    A·92
  36. #36
    DOI (CrossRef Resolver)
    doi.org
    A·92
  37. #37
    Foreign Affairs
    foreignaffairs.com
    A·92
  38. #38
    Our World in Data
    ourworldindata.org
    A·92
  39. #39
    Pew Research Center
    pewresearch.org
    A·92
  40. #40
    The BMJ (British Medical Journal)
    bmj.com
    A·92
  41. #41
    World Trade Organization
    wto.org
    A·92
  42. #42
    National Bureau of Economic Research
    nber.org
    A·92
  43. #43
    European Space Agency
    esa.int
    A·92
  44. #44
    ONS (UK)
    ons.gov.uk
    A·92
  45. #45
    Eurostat
    ec.europa.eu/eurostat
    A·92
  46. #46
    BEA
    bea.gov
    A·92
  47. #47
    BMJ Best Practice
    bestpractice.bmj.com
    A·92
  48. #48
    MDN Web Docs
    developer.mozilla.org
    A·92
  49. #49
    Reuters
    reuters.com
    A·91
  50. #50
    World Health Organization
    who.int
    A·90
  51. #51
    World Bank
    worldbank.org
    A·90
  52. #52
    International Monetary Fund
    imf.org
    A·90
  53. #53
    eLife
    elifesciences.org
    A·90
  54. #54
    The New Yorker
    newyorker.com
    A·90
  55. #55
    The New York Times Magazine
    nytimes.com/section/magazine
    A·90
  56. #56
    RAND Corporation
    rand.org
    A·90
  57. #57
    KFF (Kaiser Family Foundation)
    kff.org
    A·90
  58. #58
    UNESCO
    en.unesco.org
    A·90
  59. #59
    Quanta Magazine
    quantamagazine.org
    A·90
  60. #60
    London Review of Books
    lrb.co.uk
    A·90
  61. #61
    The New York Review of Books
    nybooks.com
    A·90
  62. #62
    MIT CSAIL
    csail.mit.edu
    A·90
  63. #63
    LWN.net
    lwn.net
    A·90
  64. #64
    JSTOR
    jstor.org
    A·90
  65. #65
    Statistics Canada
    statcan.gc.ca
    A·90
  66. #66
    Associated Press
    apnews.com
    A·89
  67. #67
    The New York Times
    nytimes.com
    A·88
  68. #68
    Financial Times
    ft.com
    A·88
  69. #69
    The Wall Street Journal
    wsj.com
    A·88
  70. #70
    STAT News
    statnews.com
    A·88
  71. #71
    404 Media
    404media.co
    A·88
  72. #72
    The Information
    theinformation.com
    A·88
  73. #73
    The Conversation
    theconversation.com
    A·88
  74. #74
    Brookings Institution
    brookings.edu
    A·88
  75. #75
    Council on Foreign Relations
    cfr.org
    A·88
  76. #76
    Google DeepMind Research
    deepmind.google
    A·88
  77. #77
    Mayo Clinic
    mayoclinic.org
    A·88
  78. #78
    The Washington Post
    washingtonpost.com
    A·87
  79. #79
    Bloomberg News
    bloomberg.com
    A·86
  80. #80
    Semantic Scholar
    semanticscholar.org
    A·86
  81. #81
    MIT Technology Review
    technologyreview.com
    A·86
  82. #82
    Semafor
    semafor.com
    A·86
  83. #83
    The Atlantic
    theatlantic.com
    A·86
  84. #84
    Harvard Business Review
    hbr.org
    A·86
  85. #85
    Bloomberg Businessweek
    bloomberg.com/businessweek
    A·86
  86. #86
    Anthropic Research
    anthropic.com
    A·86
  87. #87
    Cleveland Clinic
    my.clevelandclinic.org
    A·86
  88. #88
    The Guardian
    theguardian.com
    A·85
  89. #89
    Der Spiegel
    spiegel.de
    A·85
  90. #90
    NPR
    npr.org
    B·84
  91. #91
    PLOS ONE
    journals.plos.org
    B·84
  92. #92
    BBC Research & Development
    bbc.co.uk/rd
    B·84
  93. #93
    Aeon
    aeon.co
    B·84
  94. #94
    Le Monde
    lemonde.fr
    B·84
  95. #95
    Axios Pro
    axios.com/pro
    B·82
  96. #96
    The Times (UK)
    thetimes.co.uk
    B·82
  97. #97
    The Globe and Mail
    theglobeandmail.com
    B·82
  98. #98
    National Geographic
    nationalgeographic.com
    B·82
  99. #99
    BBC News
    bbc.com
    B·80
  100. #100
    Politico
    politico.com
    B·80
  101. #101
    Axios
    axios.com
    B·80
  102. #102
    Zillow Research
    zillow.com/research
    B·80
  103. #103
    Hugging Face
    huggingface.co
    B·80
  104. #104
    OpenAI Research
    openai.com
    B·80
  105. #105
    Asahi Shimbun
    asahi.com
    B·80
  106. #106
    El País
    elpais.com
    B·80
  107. #107
    Smithsonian Magazine
    smithsonianmag.com
    B·80
  108. #108
    arXiv
    arxiv.org
    B·78
  109. #109
    Ars Technica
    arstechnica.com
    B·78
  110. #110
    Wired
    wired.com
    B·78
  111. #111
    Al Jazeera English
    aljazeera.com
    B·78
  112. #112
    GitHub
    github.com
    B·78
  113. #113
    South China Morning Post
    scmp.com
    B·78
  114. #114
    AnandTech
    anandtech.com
    B·75
  115. #115
    The Economist
    economist.com
    B·71
  116. #116
    Statista
    statista.com
    B·70
  117. #117
    Stack Overflow
    stackoverflow.com
    B·70
  118. #118
    McKinsey Insights
    mckinsey.com
    B·70
  119. #119
    BCG Insights
    bcg.com
    B·70
  120. #120
    Gartner
    gartner.com
    C·65
  121. #121
    Stratechery
    stratechery.com
    C·65
  122. #122
    The Verge
    theverge.com
    C·55
  123. #123
    TechCrunch
    techcrunch.com
    D·50
  124. #124
    Fox News
    foxnews.com
    D·50
  125. #125
    HuffPost
    huffpost.com
    D·50
  126. #126
    Hacker News
    news.ycombinator.com
    D·50
  127. #127
    Forbes
    forbes.com
    D·42
  128. #128
    Medium
    medium.com
    D·40
  129. #129
    BuzzFeed
    buzzfeed.com
    F·30
  130. #130
    Daily Mail
    dailymail.co.uk
    F·22

How Discipline is scored

A source earns a high Discipline score by demonstrating consistent inline citation, public corrections processes, dual-source verification policies, and (where applicable) peer review. Government primary sources and peer-reviewed journals score highest because discipline is enforced by law or by editorial process.

Lower Discipline scores apply to platforms that mix professional + amateur authorship without a per-piece citation requirement, or to formats (listicles, quizzes) where evidence is structurally absent.