https://sourcescore.org/claims/ Signed, sourced, citable AI/ML claims. Each item has 2+ primary sources and an HMAC-SHA256 signature. New claims are added regularly; subscribe to follow. en-US Sat, 16 May 2026 22:46:23 GMT scripts/generate-claims-rss.mjs https://sourcescore.org/claims/ad17e76a8baad7a1/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/ad17e76a8baad7a1/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Transformer architecture introduced in paper: Attention Is All You Need (Vaswani et al., 2017). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 3 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/ad17e76a8baad7a1.json. transformer, attention, foundational, vaswani, 2017, nips https://sourcescore.org/claims/67866330cd60e54d/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/67866330cd60e54d/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) introduced in paper: Deep Reinforcement Learning from Human Preferences (Christiano et al., 2017). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 3 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/67866330cd60e54d.json. rlhf, alignment, foundational, christiano, 2017, nips https://sourcescore.org/claims/d15057ced937a103/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/d15057ced937a103/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) introduced in paper: Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Tasks (Lewis et al., 2020). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/d15057ced937a103.json. rag, retrieval, foundational, lewis, 2020, nips, facebook https://sourcescore.org/claims/d7b97d1b93d8d8bc/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/d7b97d1b93d8d8bc/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) introduced in paper: LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models (Hu et al., 2021). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/d7b97d1b93d8d8bc.json. lora, fine-tuning, foundational, hu, 2021, microsoft https://sourcescore.org/claims/a3e691683a4577af/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/a3e691683a4577af/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) introduced in paper: Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Model (Rafailov et al., 2023). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/a3e691683a4577af.json. dpo, alignment, foundational, rafailov, 2023, nips, stanford https://sourcescore.org/claims/ba1eb83c14795107/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/ba1eb83c14795107/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Constitutional AI (CAI) introduced in paper: Constitutional AI: Harmlessness from AI Feedback (Bai et al., 2022). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/ba1eb83c14795107.json. constitutional-ai, alignment, anthropic, 2022, bai https://sourcescore.org/claims/5da8f8dffc038b8e/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/5da8f8dffc038b8e/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT InstructGPT methodology introduced in paper: Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback (Ouyang et al., 2022). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/5da8f8dffc038b8e.json. instructgpt, alignment, openai, 2022, ouyang, rlhf https://sourcescore.org/claims/e120182d1e01ea2b/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/e120182d1e01ea2b/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT FlashAttention introduced in paper: FlashAttention: Fast and Memory-Efficient Exact Attention with IO-Awareness (Dao et al., 2022). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/e120182d1e01ea2b.json. flash-attention, performance, dao, 2022, stanford https://sourcescore.org/claims/85a3ca745eaf4ee0/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/85a3ca745eaf4ee0/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT CLIP (Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining) introduced in paper: Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervision (Radford et al., 2021). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/85a3ca745eaf4ee0.json. clip, multimodal, vision, radford, 2021, openai https://sourcescore.org/claims/8d653880c519a8ef/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/8d653880c519a8ef/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT ChatGPT released on: 2022-11-30. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/8d653880c519a8ef.json. chatgpt, openai, release, 2022, gpt-3.5 https://sourcescore.org/claims/09eea8fb1a8ccebf/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/09eea8fb1a8ccebf/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT GPT-4 released on: 2023-03-14. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/09eea8fb1a8ccebf.json. gpt-4, openai, release, 2023 https://sourcescore.org/claims/26314e3164e18b24/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/26314e3164e18b24/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT GPT-4 Turbo context window tokens: 128000. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/26314e3164e18b24.json. gpt-4-turbo, context, openai, 128k, devday https://sourcescore.org/claims/bd065b91ca6e880b/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/bd065b91ca6e880b/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT GPT-4o released on: 2024-05-13. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 1 primary source. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/bd065b91ca6e880b.json. gpt-4o, openai, release, 2024, multimodal https://sourcescore.org/claims/9fc5fb203abbf250/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/9fc5fb203abbf250/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Claude 3.5 Sonnet released on: 2024-06-20. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 1 primary source. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/9fc5fb203abbf250.json. claude-3.5, sonnet, anthropic, release, 2024 https://sourcescore.org/claims/565df27fc8b75ef0/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/565df27fc8b75ef0/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Claude 3 Opus context window tokens: 200000. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/565df27fc8b75ef0.json. claude-3, opus, anthropic, context, 200k https://sourcescore.org/claims/34dd74941bc7bd48/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/34dd74941bc7bd48/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Llama 2 released on: 2023-07-18. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/34dd74941bc7bd48.json. llama-2, meta, release, 2023, open-weights https://sourcescore.org/claims/a55484ab8b4bdf4e/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/a55484ab8b4bdf4e/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Llama 3.1 released on: 2024-07-23. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/a55484ab8b4bdf4e.json. llama-3.1, meta, release, 2024, open-weights, 405b https://sourcescore.org/claims/282b0523eefd9afd/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/282b0523eefd9afd/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Llama 3.1 405B parameter count: 405000000000. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/282b0523eefd9afd.json. llama-3.1, parameters, 405b, meta https://sourcescore.org/claims/410aec4f418f2b11/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/410aec4f418f2b11/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Mixtral 8x7B released on: 2023-12-11. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 95%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/410aec4f418f2b11.json. mixtral, mistral, release, 2023, moe, sparse https://sourcescore.org/claims/ad79b14fafb362cd/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/ad79b14fafb362cd/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Mixtral 8x7B architecture: Sparse Mixture-of-Experts (8 experts × 7B params, 2 experts routed per token). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/ad79b14fafb362cd.json. mixtral, moe, architecture, mistral https://sourcescore.org/claims/e2a6019bd2ce5c97/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/e2a6019bd2ce5c97/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Gemini Pro released on: 2023-12-06. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 1 primary source. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/e2a6019bd2ce5c97.json. gemini, google, release, 2023 https://sourcescore.org/claims/a3ebbaed14bd83d0/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/a3ebbaed14bd83d0/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Whisper released on: 2022-09-21. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/a3ebbaed14bd83d0.json. whisper, openai, speech, asr, release, 2022 https://sourcescore.org/claims/dc53356a0a39c8de/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/dc53356a0a39c8de/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Anthropic founded in: 2021. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/dc53356a0a39c8de.json. anthropic, company, founded, 2021 https://sourcescore.org/claims/64a2379efebe62ee/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/64a2379efebe62ee/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT OpenAI founded in: 2015. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/64a2379efebe62ee.json. openai, company, founded, 2015 https://sourcescore.org/claims/db8e97f3583db317/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/db8e97f3583db317/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Mistral AI founded in: 2023. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 1 primary source. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/db8e97f3583db317.json. mistral, company, founded, 2023 https://sourcescore.org/claims/0e28201946131976/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/0e28201946131976/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Hugging Face founded in: 2016. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/0e28201946131976.json. hugging-face, company, founded, 2016 https://sourcescore.org/claims/4c1ee70007dc89c1/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/4c1ee70007dc89c1/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) introduced in paper: BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding (Devlin et al., 2018). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/4c1ee70007dc89c1.json. bert, foundational, devlin, 2018, google, nlp https://sourcescore.org/claims/859551dc078c46f8/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/859551dc078c46f8/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT GPT-2 introduced in paper: Language Models are Unsupervised Multitask Learners (Radford et al., 2019). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/859551dc078c46f8.json. gpt-2, foundational, openai, radford, 2019 https://sourcescore.org/claims/4f55f77c4bfb316e/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/4f55f77c4bfb316e/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT ResNet (Residual Networks) introduced in paper: Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition (He et al., 2015). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/4f55f77c4bfb316e.json. resnet, foundational, vision, he, 2015, microsoft, cvpr https://sourcescore.org/claims/ef28341c3b308737/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/ef28341c3b308737/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT T5 (Text-to-Text Transfer Transformer) introduced in paper: Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformer (Raffel et al., 2019). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/ef28341c3b308737.json. t5, foundational, transfer-learning, raffel, 2019, google https://sourcescore.org/claims/2d6d7f61f1db6493/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/2d6d7f61f1db6493/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Sparsely-Gated Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) introduced in paper: Outrageously Large Neural Networks: The Sparsely-Gated Mixture-of-Experts Layer (Shazeer et al., 2017). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 1 primary source. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/2d6d7f61f1db6493.json. moe, foundational, shazeer, 2017, google https://sourcescore.org/claims/3d9c14b9379038c9/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/3d9c14b9379038c9/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Switch Transformer introduced in paper: Switch Transformers: Scaling to Trillion Parameter Models with Simple and Efficient Sparsity (Fedus et al., 2021). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/3d9c14b9379038c9.json. switch-transformer, moe, foundational, fedus, 2021, google https://sourcescore.org/claims/8befcae6bce01a95/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/8befcae6bce01a95/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Chinchilla scaling laws introduced in paper: Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models (Hoffmann et al., 2022). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/8befcae6bce01a95.json. chinchilla, scaling-laws, foundational, hoffmann, 2022, deepmind, nips https://sourcescore.org/claims/00f224e1ccc158ef/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/00f224e1ccc158ef/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) introduced in paper: Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithms (Schulman et al., 2017). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/00f224e1ccc158ef.json. ppo, reinforcement-learning, foundational, schulman, 2017, openai, rlhf https://sourcescore.org/claims/3518f8aa40cb0d36/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/3518f8aa40cb0d36/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Mamba state-space model introduced in paper: Mamba: Linear-Time Sequence Modeling with Selective State Spaces (Gu, Dao, 2023). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/3518f8aa40cb0d36.json. mamba, state-space, foundational, gu, dao, 2023 https://sourcescore.org/claims/3af924da138ff84c/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/3af924da138ff84c/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Chain-of-Thought prompting introduced in paper: Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Models (Wei et al., 2022). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/3af924da138ff84c.json. chain-of-thought, cot, prompting, foundational, wei, 2022, google, nips https://sourcescore.org/claims/dffbe905003cc581/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/dffbe905003cc581/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Adam optimizer introduced in paper: Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization (Kingma, Ba, 2014). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/dffbe905003cc581.json. adam, optimizer, foundational, kingma, 2014, iclr https://sourcescore.org/claims/98b6e774be89d967/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/98b6e774be89d967/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT AlexNet introduced in paper: ImageNet Classification with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (Krizhevsky, Sutskever, Hinton, 2012). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/98b6e774be89d967.json. alexnet, foundational, vision, krizhevsky, hinton, 2012, nips, imagenet https://sourcescore.org/claims/5ce2e90fafdca0c2/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/5ce2e90fafdca0c2/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Llama 1 released on: 2023-02-24. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/5ce2e90fafdca0c2.json. llama-1, meta, release, 2023 https://sourcescore.org/claims/5f599876b3dd19b3/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/5f599876b3dd19b3/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Llama 3 released on: 2024-04-18. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/5f599876b3dd19b3.json. llama-3, meta, release, 2024, open-weights https://sourcescore.org/claims/e4581034693f4584/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/e4581034693f4584/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Llama 3 70B parameter count: 70000000000. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/e4581034693f4584.json. llama-3, parameters, 70b, meta https://sourcescore.org/claims/99340a18716a44fb/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/99340a18716a44fb/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Claude 3 family (Opus, Sonnet, Haiku) released on: 2024-03-04. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 1 primary source. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/99340a18716a44fb.json. claude-3, opus, sonnet, haiku, anthropic, release, 2024 https://sourcescore.org/claims/b55da789dba1c76b/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/b55da789dba1c76b/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Gemini 1.5 Pro announced on: 2024-02-15. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 1 primary source. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/b55da789dba1c76b.json. gemini-1.5, google, announcement, 2024 https://sourcescore.org/claims/2d5a5dc30e7f6f02/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/2d5a5dc30e7f6f02/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Mistral 7B released on: 2023-09-27. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 3 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/2d5a5dc30e7f6f02.json. mistral-7b, mistral, release, 2023, open-weights https://sourcescore.org/claims/f6f333228f224df2/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/f6f333228f224df2/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Stable Diffusion 1.0 released on: 2022-08-22. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/f6f333228f224df2.json. stable-diffusion, stability-ai, release, 2022, image-generation https://sourcescore.org/claims/ce5275632f16109a/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/ce5275632f16109a/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT DALL-E 3 announced on: 2023-09-20. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 1 primary source. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/ce5275632f16109a.json. dall-e-3, openai, image-generation, 2023 https://sourcescore.org/claims/5697b2a15693e6c0/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/5697b2a15693e6c0/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Sora (OpenAI video generation model) announced on: 2024-02-15. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 1 primary source. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/5697b2a15693e6c0.json. sora, openai, video-generation, 2024 https://sourcescore.org/claims/461dd4dbccd9038d/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/461dd4dbccd9038d/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT ChatGPT Plus launched on: 2023-02-01. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 1 primary source. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/461dd4dbccd9038d.json. chatgpt-plus, openai, subscription, launch, 2023 https://sourcescore.org/claims/1ca2cc2864dfb376/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/1ca2cc2864dfb376/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT GPT-3 parameter count: 175000000000. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/1ca2cc2864dfb376.json. gpt-3, openai, parameters, 175b, brown, 2020 https://sourcescore.org/claims/d23bd1687a3ea44a/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/d23bd1687a3ea44a/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Stability AI founded in: 2019. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 95%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/d23bd1687a3ea44a.json. stability-ai, company, founded, 2019 https://sourcescore.org/claims/25a8f486a0947790/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/25a8f486a0947790/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT DeepMind acquired by google on: 2014-01-26. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 95%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/25a8f486a0947790.json. deepmind, google, acquisition, 2014, company https://sourcescore.org/claims/045e628def62181d/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/045e628def62181d/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT ImageNet dataset introduced in paper: ImageNet: A Large-Scale Hierarchical Image Database (Deng et al., 2009). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/045e628def62181d.json. imagenet, dataset, vision, foundational, fei-fei-li, 2009, cvpr https://sourcescore.org/claims/d3681b0981e0b700/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/d3681b0981e0b700/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Vision Transformer (ViT) introduced in paper: An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scale (Dosovitskiy et al., 2020). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/d3681b0981e0b700.json. vit, vision-transformer, foundational, dosovitskiy, 2020, google, iclr https://sourcescore.org/claims/477bc19212addf9a/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/477bc19212addf9a/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT AlphaFold 2 published in paper: Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold (Jumper et al., 2021). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/477bc19212addf9a.json. alphafold, deepmind, biology, 2021, nature, protein https://sourcescore.org/claims/5b0c0612bd9e55b0/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/5b0c0612bd9e55b0/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) introduced in paper: Generative Adversarial Networks (Goodfellow et al., 2014). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/5b0c0612bd9e55b0.json. gan, foundational, goodfellow, 2014, nips, generative https://sourcescore.org/claims/62789e45973ab631/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/62789e45973ab631/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Variational Autoencoder (VAE) introduced in paper: Auto-Encoding Variational Bayes (Kingma, Welling, 2013). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/62789e45973ab631.json. vae, foundational, kingma, welling, 2013, iclr, generative https://sourcescore.org/claims/e700f81fff6f38c7/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/e700f81fff6f38c7/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DDPM) introduced in paper: Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models (Ho, Jain, Abbeel, 2020). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/e700f81fff6f38c7.json. ddpm, diffusion, foundational, ho, 2020, nips, image-generation https://sourcescore.org/claims/4978f76d228a3db1/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/4978f76d228a3db1/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Word2Vec introduced in paper: Efficient Estimation of Word Representations in Vector Space (Mikolov et al., 2013). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/4978f76d228a3db1.json. word2vec, embeddings, foundational, mikolov, 2013, google, nlp https://sourcescore.org/claims/e942c93d70a4dab2/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/e942c93d70a4dab2/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Byte-Pair Encoding (BPE) for Neural Machine Translation introduced in paper: Neural Machine Translation of Rare Words with Subword Units (Sennrich et al., 2015). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/e942c93d70a4dab2.json. bpe, tokenization, foundational, sennrich, 2015, acl, nmt https://sourcescore.org/claims/428d754e7c651be6/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/428d754e7c651be6/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT MMLU benchmark introduced in paper: Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understanding (Hendrycks et al., 2020). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/428d754e7c651be6.json. mmlu, benchmark, hendrycks, 2020, iclr, evaluation https://sourcescore.org/claims/71ec42731d2c9e0c/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/71ec42731d2c9e0c/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT HumanEval benchmark introduced in paper: Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Code (Chen et al., 2021). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/71ec42731d2c9e0c.json. humaneval, benchmark, codex, openai, chen, 2021, code-generation https://sourcescore.org/claims/a4fc4391a27f0500/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/a4fc4391a27f0500/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Llama 2 70B parameter count: 70000000000. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/a4fc4391a27f0500.json. llama-2, parameters, 70b, meta https://sourcescore.org/claims/8455a8b9d44fecbe/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/8455a8b9d44fecbe/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Llama 3 8B parameter count: 8000000000. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/8455a8b9d44fecbe.json. llama-3, parameters, 8b, meta https://sourcescore.org/claims/1a4cf45e8b967089/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/1a4cf45e8b967089/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT GPT-4o mini released on: 2024-07-18. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 1 primary source. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/1a4cf45e8b967089.json. gpt-4o-mini, openai, release, 2024 https://sourcescore.org/claims/cdc82d4d6c880ba3/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/cdc82d4d6c880ba3/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Claude 3.5 Haiku released on: 2024-11-04. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/cdc82d4d6c880ba3.json. claude-3.5-haiku, anthropic, release, 2024 https://sourcescore.org/claims/2d20c4a92620ba46/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/2d20c4a92620ba46/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Phi-3 (Microsoft small language model family) released on: 2024-04-23. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/2d20c4a92620ba46.json. phi-3, microsoft, release, 2024, slm https://sourcescore.org/claims/6aa7e9c75d084617/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/6aa7e9c75d084617/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT DeepSeek V3 released on: 2024-12-26. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 95%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/6aa7e9c75d084617.json. deepseek-v3, deepseek, release, 2024, open-weights https://sourcescore.org/claims/e27816c692a28ce9/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/e27816c692a28ce9/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Llama 3.2 (multimodal release including 11B and 90B vision models) released on: 2024-09-25. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/e27816c692a28ce9.json. llama-3.2, meta, release, 2024, multimodal, vision https://sourcescore.org/claims/97c04944b4c6345a/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/97c04944b4c6345a/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Llama 3.3 70B released on: 2024-12-06. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 1 primary source. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/97c04944b4c6345a.json. llama-3.3, meta, release, 2024, open-weights https://sourcescore.org/claims/bc1d6baa80070e80/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/bc1d6baa80070e80/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Gemini 2.0 announced on: 2024-12-11. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 1 primary source. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/bc1d6baa80070e80.json. gemini-2.0, google, deepmind, announcement, 2024 https://sourcescore.org/claims/930c3c71363acee5/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/930c3c71363acee5/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Grok (xAI) announced on: 2023-11-04. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 95%. 1 primary source. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/930c3c71363acee5.json. grok, xai, announcement, 2023 https://sourcescore.org/claims/118226d52c6f7491/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/118226d52c6f7491/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT GPT-4o context window tokens: 128000. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/118226d52c6f7491.json. gpt-4o, context, openai, 128k https://sourcescore.org/claims/409b828ed9f8410b/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/409b828ed9f8410b/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Sora (public release to ChatGPT Plus subscribers) released on: 2024-12-09. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 1 primary source. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/409b828ed9f8410b.json. sora, openai, release, 2024, video-generation https://sourcescore.org/claims/cf4cbf71dc7dd19a/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/cf4cbf71dc7dd19a/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Cohere founded in: 2019. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 95%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/cf4cbf71dc7dd19a.json. cohere, company, founded, 2019 https://sourcescore.org/claims/e5084c3f7023114b/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/e5084c3f7023114b/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT xAI founded in: 2023. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 95%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/e5084c3f7023114b.json. xai, company, founded, 2023, musk https://sourcescore.org/claims/4a2689e6230ef2e1/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/4a2689e6230ef2e1/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Common Crawl founded in: 2007. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 95%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/4a2689e6230ef2e1.json. common-crawl, dataset, founded, 2007 https://sourcescore.org/claims/fceea64fa7d04d3a/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/fceea64fa7d04d3a/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT ReAct (Reasoning + Acting) introduced in paper: ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Models (Yao et al., 2022). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/fceea64fa7d04d3a.json. react, reasoning, agents, tool-use, foundational, 2022, yao https://sourcescore.org/claims/f191b2876790dc6e/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/f191b2876790dc6e/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT LoRA (Low-Rank Adaptation) introduced in paper: LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models (Hu et al., 2021). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/f191b2876790dc6e.json. lora, peft, fine-tuning, foundational, 2021, microsoft https://sourcescore.org/claims/767cbe41c961be1a/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/767cbe41c961be1a/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT QLoRA introduced in paper: QLoRA: Efficient Finetuning of Quantized LLMs (Dettmers et al., 2023). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/767cbe41c961be1a.json. qlora, quantization, peft, fine-tuning, foundational, 2023 https://sourcescore.org/claims/f8d64457ba9fd35b/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/f8d64457ba9fd35b/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Rotary Position Embedding (RoPE) introduced in paper: RoFormer: Enhanced Transformer with Rotary Position Embedding (Su et al., 2021). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/f8d64457ba9fd35b.json. rope, position-embedding, transformer, foundational, 2021 https://sourcescore.org/claims/aede848e23c8de8e/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/aede848e23c8de8e/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Byte-Pair Encoding (BPE) for NMT introduced in paper: Neural Machine Translation of Rare Words with Subword Units (Sennrich et al., 2015). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/aede848e23c8de8e.json. bpe, tokenization, subword, foundational, 2015, acl https://sourcescore.org/claims/0d47bb8eb637a2e4/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/0d47bb8eb637a2e4/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT SentencePiece tokenizer introduced in paper: SentencePiece: A simple and language independent subword tokenizer and detokenizer for Neural Text Processing (Kudo & Richardson, 2018). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/0d47bb8eb637a2e4.json. sentencepiece, tokenization, google, foundational, 2018 https://sourcescore.org/claims/0d24c97977ebd744/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/0d24c97977ebd744/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT C4 (Colossal Clean Crawled Corpus) introduced in paper: Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformer (Raffel et al., 2019). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/0d24c97977ebd744.json. c4, dataset, pretraining, google, 2019 https://sourcescore.org/claims/4aef1422b96df26c/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/4aef1422b96df26c/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT The Pile dataset released on: 2020-12-31. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/4aef1422b96df26c.json. the-pile, dataset, pretraining, eleutherai, 2020 https://sourcescore.org/claims/ea8b7be3a49101be/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/ea8b7be3a49101be/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT RedPajama dataset released on: 2023-04-17. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 95%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/ea8b7be3a49101be.json. redpajama, dataset, pretraining, together, 2023, open-source https://sourcescore.org/claims/bcdef949cc6d3644/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/bcdef949cc6d3644/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT CLIP introduced in paper: Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervision (Radford et al., 2021). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/bcdef949cc6d3644.json. clip, vision-language, multimodal, foundational, 2021, openai https://sourcescore.org/claims/0b0e64476bd25bd6/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/0b0e64476bd25bd6/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT DALL·E 2 released on: 2022-04-06. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/0b0e64476bd25bd6.json. dall-e, dall-e-2, image-generation, multimodal, openai, released_on, 2022 https://sourcescore.org/claims/79a7e980e59680bc/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/79a7e980e59680bc/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Stable Diffusion 1.x released on: 2022-08-22. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/79a7e980e59680bc.json. stable-diffusion, image-generation, stability-ai, released_on, 2022 https://sourcescore.org/claims/f018fec775a8e941/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/f018fec775a8e941/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT EleutherAI founded in: 2020. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 95%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/f018fec775a8e941.json. eleutherai, company, founded, 2020, open-source https://sourcescore.org/claims/4d05fa0726841c32/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/4d05fa0726841c32/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Together AI founded in: 2022. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 90%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/4d05fa0726841c32.json. together-ai, company, founded, 2022 https://sourcescore.org/claims/c7c1ee139886cafe/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/c7c1ee139886cafe/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT AI21 Labs founded in: 2017. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 95%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/c7c1ee139886cafe.json. ai21, ai21-labs, company, founded, 2017, israel https://sourcescore.org/claims/ee150c6e44364a3d/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/ee150c6e44364a3d/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT ELMo (Embeddings from Language Models) introduced in paper: Deep contextualized word representations (Peters et al., 2018). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/ee150c6e44364a3d.json. elmo, word-embeddings, contextualized, foundational, 2018, naacl https://sourcescore.org/claims/1aacbf0bf9248dc7/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/1aacbf0bf9248dc7/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Latent Diffusion Models (LDM) introduced in paper: High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Models (Rombach et al., 2021). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/1aacbf0bf9248dc7.json. latent-diffusion, ldm, image-generation, stable-diffusion-backbone, foundational, 2021 https://sourcescore.org/claims/2f9c79357e9d4da9/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/2f9c79357e9d4da9/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT ELECTRA introduced in paper: ELECTRA: Pre-training Text Encoders as Discriminators Rather Than Generators (Clark et al., 2020). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/2f9c79357e9d4da9.json. electra, pretraining, discriminator, foundational, 2020, google https://sourcescore.org/claims/7d3e6a39b1656571/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/7d3e6a39b1656571/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT GPT-3 introduced in paper: Language Models are Few-Shot Learners (Brown et al., 2020). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/7d3e6a39b1656571.json. gpt-3, openai, few-shot, foundational, 2020, nips https://sourcescore.org/claims/1cfc3870019a8819/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/1cfc3870019a8819/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Pinecone founded in: 2019. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 90%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/1cfc3870019a8819.json. pinecone, vector-database, company, founded, 2019 https://sourcescore.org/claims/9f25f9f965e7cde4/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/9f25f9f965e7cde4/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Weaviate founded in: 2019. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 85%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/9f25f9f965e7cde4.json. weaviate, vector-database, company, founded, 2019, netherlands https://sourcescore.org/claims/9241483ac9f6e285/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/9241483ac9f6e285/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Qdrant founded in: 2021. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 85%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/9241483ac9f6e285.json. qdrant, vector-database, company, founded, 2021, germany https://sourcescore.org/claims/d9e848aed91184f4/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/d9e848aed91184f4/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Replicate founded in: 2019. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 85%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/d9e848aed91184f4.json. replicate, ml-inference, company, founded, 2019 https://sourcescore.org/claims/79be9b25cd64f250/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/79be9b25cd64f250/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Codex introduced in paper: Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Code (Chen et al., 2021). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/79be9b25cd64f250.json. codex, code-generation, openai, foundational, 2021 https://sourcescore.org/claims/1a1e87145608c91a/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/1a1e87145608c91a/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT SuperGLUE benchmark introduced in paper: SuperGLUE: A Stickier Benchmark for General-Purpose Language Understanding Systems (Wang et al., 2019). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/1a1e87145608c91a.json. superglue, benchmark, evaluation, foundational, 2019 https://sourcescore.org/claims/aa113b5e61d5c214/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/aa113b5e61d5c214/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT GLUE benchmark introduced in paper: GLUE: A Multi-Task Benchmark and Analysis Platform for Natural Language Understanding (Wang et al., 2018). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/aa113b5e61d5c214.json. glue, benchmark, evaluation, foundational, 2018 https://sourcescore.org/claims/18409e7f8a6d7aac/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/18409e7f8a6d7aac/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Dropout introduced in paper: Dropout: A Simple Way to Prevent Neural Networks from Overfitting (Srivastava et al., 2014). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/18409e7f8a6d7aac.json. dropout, regularization, foundational, 2014, jmlr, hinton https://sourcescore.org/claims/56c451642ab41e68/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/56c451642ab41e68/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Batch Normalization introduced in paper: Batch Normalization: Accelerating Deep Network Training by Reducing Internal Covariate Shift (Ioffe & Szegedy, 2015). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/56c451642ab41e68.json. batch-normalization, regularization, training, foundational, 2015, icml, google https://sourcescore.org/claims/f72db86c784a1b32/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/f72db86c784a1b32/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Layer Normalization introduced in paper: Layer Normalization (Ba, Kiros, Hinton, 2016). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 1 primary source. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/f72db86c784a1b32.json. layer-normalization, normalization, transformer-ingredient, foundational, 2016, hinton https://sourcescore.org/claims/ff80a25ed7e83b45/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/ff80a25ed7e83b45/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Sequence-to-Sequence Learning (seq2seq) introduced in paper: Sequence to Sequence Learning with Neural Networks (Sutskever, Vinyals, Le, 2014). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/ff80a25ed7e83b45.json. seq2seq, encoder-decoder, lstm, foundational, 2014, nips, google https://sourcescore.org/claims/c3d2ec81d9faf837/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/c3d2ec81d9faf837/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Longformer introduced in paper: Longformer: The Long-Document Transformer (Beltagy, Peters, Cohan, 2020). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/c3d2ec81d9faf837.json. longformer, long-context, sparse-attention, foundational, 2020, allen-ai https://sourcescore.org/claims/76f7f00e79bc18c8/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/76f7f00e79bc18c8/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Reformer introduced in paper: Reformer: The Efficient Transformer (Kitaev, Kaiser, Levskaya, 2020). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/76f7f00e79bc18c8.json. reformer, efficient-transformer, lsh-attention, foundational, 2020, iclr, google https://sourcescore.org/claims/87b09546387243ef/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/87b09546387243ef/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Gemma released on: 2024-02-21. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/87b09546387243ef.json. gemma, google, open-weights, released_on, 2024 https://sourcescore.org/claims/3390777eaf4ccc6f/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/3390777eaf4ccc6f/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Qwen released on: 2023-08-03. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 95%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/3390777eaf4ccc6f.json. qwen, alibaba, open-weights, released_on, 2023, china https://sourcescore.org/claims/bf5bdd9756278449/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/bf5bdd9756278449/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT BLEU score introduced in paper: BLEU: a Method for Automatic Evaluation of Machine Translation (Papineni et al., 2002). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/bf5bdd9756278449.json. bleu, evaluation-metric, machine-translation, foundational, 2002, acl, ibm https://sourcescore.org/claims/b0eb5c8ac5b4b21e/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/b0eb5c8ac5b4b21e/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT ROUGE score introduced in paper: ROUGE: A Package for Automatic Evaluation of Summaries (Lin, 2004). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/b0eb5c8ac5b4b21e.json. rouge, evaluation-metric, summarization, foundational, 2004, acl https://sourcescore.org/claims/b6d51eba4fc7f918/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/b6d51eba4fc7f918/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT AdamW optimizer introduced in paper: Decoupled Weight Decay Regularization (Loshchilov & Hutter, 2017). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/b6d51eba4fc7f918.json. adamw, optimizer, weight-decay, foundational, 2017, iclr https://sourcescore.org/claims/d58d505fd9d705fe/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/d58d505fd9d705fe/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT PaLM introduced in paper: PaLM: Scaling Language Modeling with Pathways (Chowdhery et al., 2022). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/d58d505fd9d705fe.json. palm, google, pathways, foundational, 2022, parameter-count, 540b https://sourcescore.org/claims/30fdfa95f8684ca5/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/30fdfa95f8684ca5/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Imagen introduced in paper: Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understanding (Saharia et al., 2022). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/30fdfa95f8684ca5.json. imagen, google, text-to-image, diffusion, foundational, 2022 https://sourcescore.org/claims/bfae8cafd2eb0bf8/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/bfae8cafd2eb0bf8/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT AlphaFold 3 released on: 2024-05-08. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/bfae8cafd2eb0bf8.json. alphafold, alphafold-3, deepmind, isomorphic, protein-structure, released_on, 2024, nature https://sourcescore.org/claims/97ec4d132871224b/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/97ec4d132871224b/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) introduced in: 1997 by Hochreiter and Schmidhuber. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/97ec4d132871224b.json. lstm, rnn, hochreiter, schmidhuber, foundational, 1997, introduced_in https://sourcescore.org/claims/0318700337f0906d/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/0318700337f0906d/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT AlphaGo defeated: Lee Sedol 4-1 in March 2016. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/0318700337f0906d.json. alphago, deepmind, reinforcement-learning, lee-sedol, foundational, 2016, defeated https://sourcescore.org/claims/b2dbbb7283a89f21/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/b2dbbb7283a89f21/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT AlphaZero published in: Science journal December 2018. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/b2dbbb7283a89f21.json. alphazero, deepmind, reinforcement-learning, self-play, foundational, 2018, science https://sourcescore.org/claims/d4fecb26a4c9cdca/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/d4fecb26a4c9cdca/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT RoBERTa introduced in: Liu et al. 2019 — A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/d4fecb26a4c9cdca.json. roberta, bert, facebook-ai, pretraining, foundational, 2019, introduced_in https://sourcescore.org/claims/245af747a3d21061/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/245af747a3d21061/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT DistilBERT introduced in: Sanh et al. 2019 — a smaller, faster, cheaper BERT via knowledge distillation. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/245af747a3d21061.json. distilbert, bert, knowledge-distillation, hugging-face, foundational, 2019, introduced_in https://sourcescore.org/claims/1ddbde847e500ac5/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/1ddbde847e500ac5/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT GitHub Copilot publicly released on: 2021-06-29 (technical preview). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/1ddbde847e500ac5.json. github-copilot, github, openai, codex, coding-assistant, released_on, 2021 https://sourcescore.org/claims/db733143bb054d41/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/db733143bb054d41/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT OLMo released on: 2024-02-01 by Allen Institute for AI. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/db733143bb054d41.json. olmo, allenai, ai2, open-source, fully-open, 2024, released_on https://sourcescore.org/claims/d2ac7cd6fc8b1156/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/d2ac7cd6fc8b1156/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Gemini Ultra publicly released on: 2024-02-08 via Gemini Advanced subscription. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/d2ac7cd6fc8b1156.json. gemini-ultra, gemini-advanced, google, deepmind, released_on, 2024 https://sourcescore.org/claims/c6660e2e910f2680/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/c6660e2e910f2680/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT DeepSeek-R1 released on: 2025-01-20 with reasoning chain-of-thought capabilities. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/c6660e2e910f2680.json. deepseek-r1, deepseek, reasoning, reinforcement-learning, chain-of-thought, 2025, released_on https://sourcescore.org/claims/bdab1261665d495e/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/bdab1261665d495e/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Stable Diffusion 3 publicly released on: 2024-06-12 (Stable Diffusion 3 Medium weights). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/bdab1261665d495e.json. stable-diffusion-3, stability-ai, rectified-flow, text-to-image, released_on, 2024 https://sourcescore.org/claims/f5b422e3255fd7c0/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/f5b422e3255fd7c0/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT BART introduced in: Lewis et al. 2019 — denoising sequence-to-sequence pretraining. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/f5b422e3255fd7c0.json. bart, facebook-ai, denoising, seq2seq, encoder-decoder, foundational, 2019, introduced_in https://sourcescore.org/claims/7f9254f3c0612ed0/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/7f9254f3c0612ed0/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT GloVe introduced in: Pennington, Socher, Manning 2014 — global vectors for word representation. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/7f9254f3c0612ed0.json. glove, stanford-nlp, word-embeddings, foundational, 2014, introduced_in https://sourcescore.org/claims/72ea74efc723bd06/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/72ea74efc723bd06/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Flamingo introduced in: Alayrac et al. 2022 — DeepMind few-shot vision-language model. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/72ea74efc723bd06.json. flamingo, deepmind, vision-language, few-shot, multimodal, 2022, introduced_in https://sourcescore.org/claims/cd4387e16e2c3e3d/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/cd4387e16e2c3e3d/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Toolformer introduced in: Schick et al. 2023 — self-supervised LLM tool-use. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/cd4387e16e2c3e3d.json. toolformer, meta-ai, tool-use, function-calling, agents, 2023, introduced_in https://sourcescore.org/claims/468a9e2c047d8f2f/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/468a9e2c047d8f2f/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT vLLM introduced in: Kwon et al. 2023 — high-throughput LLM serving via PagedAttention. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/468a9e2c047d8f2f.json. vllm, paged-attention, uc-berkeley, inference, serving, open-source, 2023, introduced_in https://sourcescore.org/claims/2c6ddc094019890c/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/2c6ddc094019890c/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT llama.cpp publicly released on: 2023-03-10 by Georgi Gerganov. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/2c6ddc094019890c.json. llama-cpp, ggerganov, inference, open-source, cpp, released_on, 2023 https://sourcescore.org/claims/ad04a4489786ac11/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/ad04a4489786ac11/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Ollama publicly released on: 2023-07-18 — local LLM runtime. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/ad04a4489786ac11.json. ollama, local-inference, open-source, released_on, 2023 https://sourcescore.org/claims/789ddc9bc9c3d688/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/789ddc9bc9c3d688/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Chatbot Arena introduced in: Zheng et al. 2023 — LMSYS open platform for evaluating LLMs by human preference. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/789ddc9bc9c3d688.json. chatbot-arena, lmsys, uc-berkeley, evaluation, human-preference, leaderboard, 2023, introduced_in https://sourcescore.org/claims/f75020a0604daad7/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/f75020a0604daad7/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Phi-4 released on: 2024-12-12 by Microsoft Research. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/f75020a0604daad7.json. phi-4, microsoft, synthetic-data, small-language-model, 2024, released_on https://sourcescore.org/claims/a9ab1ec12062f7ae/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/a9ab1ec12062f7ae/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT GPTQ introduced in: Frantar et al. 2022 — accurate post-training quantization for GPT models. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/a9ab1ec12062f7ae.json. gptq, quantization, ist-austria, inference, post-training, 2022, introduced_in https://sourcescore.org/claims/c73295c7d563d226/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/c73295c7d563d226/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT LangChain framework publicly released on: 2022-10-25 by Harrison Chase. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/c73295c7d563d226.json. langchain, framework, open-source, released_on, 2022 https://sourcescore.org/claims/8ec0a4529b895d03/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/8ec0a4529b895d03/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT LlamaIndex framework publicly released on: 2022-11-09 by Jerry Liu (originally GPT Index). Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/8ec0a4529b895d03.json. llamaindex, gpt-index, framework, rag, open-source, released_on, 2022 https://sourcescore.org/claims/7ee9546a5a7d851e/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/7ee9546a5a7d851e/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT FAISS introduced in: Johnson, Douze, Jégou 2017 — Facebook AI Similarity Search. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/7ee9546a5a7d851e.json. faiss, facebook-ai, meta-ai, similarity-search, vector-search, 2017, introduced_in https://sourcescore.org/claims/70db729b5808e22c/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/70db729b5808e22c/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT tiktoken publicly released on: 2022-12-06 by OpenAI — BPE tokenizer for OpenAI models. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/70db729b5808e22c.json. tiktoken, openai, bpe, tokenizer, open-source, released_on, 2022 https://sourcescore.org/claims/d04ee92d198f69d8/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/d04ee92d198f69d8/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Model Context Protocol (MCP) publicly released on: 2024-11-25 by Anthropic. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/d04ee92d198f69d8.json. mcp, model-context-protocol, anthropic, open-standard, tool-use, released_on, 2024 https://sourcescore.org/claims/c0219cf87124d20d/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/c0219cf87124d20d/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Self-RAG introduced in: Asai et al. 2023 — self-reflective retrieval-augmented generation. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/c0219cf87124d20d.json. self-rag, rag, self-reflection, uw-nlp, allenai, 2023, introduced_in https://sourcescore.org/claims/07abb25f8fc2c1d6/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/07abb25f8fc2c1d6/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Mamba-2 introduced in: Dao & Gu 2024 — structured state space duality. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/07abb25f8fc2c1d6.json. mamba-2, state-space-model, ssm, princeton, cmu, 2024, introduced_in https://sourcescore.org/claims/b89957cd609ecc38/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/b89957cd609ecc38/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT ChatGPT search publicly released on: 2024-10-31 by OpenAI. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/b89957cd609ecc38.json. chatgpt-search, openai, search, web-retrieval, released_on, 2024 https://sourcescore.org/claims/4b70646f48b9a736/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/4b70646f48b9a736/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Whisper large-v3 publicly released on: 2023-11-06 by OpenAI. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/4b70646f48b9a736.json. whisper, whisper-large-v3, openai, speech-recognition, released_on, 2023 https://sourcescore.org/claims/2f14f3078741c0ad/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/2f14f3078741c0ad/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT AlpacaEval introduced in: Li et al. 2023 — LLM-as-judge evaluation benchmark. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/2f14f3078741c0ad.json. alpacaeval, alpaca, stanford, evaluation, llm-as-judge, 2023, introduced_in https://sourcescore.org/claims/471aa3782c550dfe/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/471aa3782c550dfe/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Mistral Large 2 released on: 2024-07-24 by Mistral AI. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/471aa3782c550dfe.json. mistral-large-2, mistral, open-weights, released_on, 2024 https://sourcescore.org/claims/b841d8246a618909/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/b841d8246a618909/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Qwen 2.5 released on: 2024-09-19 by Alibaba. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/b841d8246a618909.json. qwen-2.5, alibaba, open-weights, released_on, 2024 https://sourcescore.org/claims/227ecd38519af6c8/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/227ecd38519af6c8/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Anthropic Claude Opus 4 released on: 2025-05-22 by Anthropic. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/227ecd38519af6c8.json. claude-opus-4, claude-4, anthropic, released_on, 2025 https://sourcescore.org/claims/b5990a667b668e82/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/b5990a667b668e82/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT OpenAI o1 publicly released on: 2024-12-05 — full version with reasoning chain. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/b5990a667b668e82.json. openai-o1, o1, openai, reasoning, test-time-compute, released_on, 2024 https://sourcescore.org/claims/7edfbce6d736c8aa/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/7edfbce6d736c8aa/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Cursor publicly released on: 2023-03-14 by Anysphere. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/7edfbce6d736c8aa.json. cursor, anysphere, ide, coding-assistant, released_on, 2023 https://sourcescore.org/claims/8cdc42759d98b531/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/8cdc42759d98b531/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Hugging Face Transformers library publicly released on: 2018-10-04 — originally pytorch-pretrained-bert. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/8cdc42759d98b531.json. transformers, hugging-face, library, open-source, released_on, 2018 https://sourcescore.org/claims/76c83fea654bb445/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/76c83fea654bb445/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT PyTorch publicly released on: 2017-01-18 by Facebook AI Research. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/76c83fea654bb445.json. pytorch, facebook-ai, meta, framework, open-source, released_on, 2017 https://sourcescore.org/claims/fc71d09cd60b84ab/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/fc71d09cd60b84ab/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT TensorFlow publicly released on: 2015-11-09 by Google. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/fc71d09cd60b84ab.json. tensorflow, google, framework, open-source, released_on, 2015 https://sourcescore.org/claims/3652d087edc1e228/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/3652d087edc1e228/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT JAX publicly released on: 2018-12-10 by Google Research. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/3652d087edc1e228.json. jax, google, deepmind, framework, autodiff, open-source, released_on, 2018 https://sourcescore.org/claims/53cc193ef08fc5c0/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/53cc193ef08fc5c0/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT DeepSpeed publicly released on: 2020-02-13 by Microsoft Research. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/53cc193ef08fc5c0.json. deepspeed, zero, microsoft, framework, distributed-training, open-source, released_on, 2020 https://sourcescore.org/claims/e5471a750d13a672/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/e5471a750d13a672/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Backpropagation algorithm popularized in: Rumelhart, Hinton, Williams 1986 — Nature paper. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/e5471a750d13a672.json. backpropagation, rumelhart, hinton, williams, foundational, 1986, introduced_in, nature https://sourcescore.org/claims/4f19829aa2036770/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/4f19829aa2036770/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT U-Net introduced in: Ronneberger, Fischer, Brox 2015 — biomedical image segmentation. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/4f19829aa2036770.json. u-net, ronneberger, image-segmentation, diffusion-backbone, foundational, 2015, introduced_in https://sourcescore.org/claims/a77a8dd48941a53d/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/a77a8dd48941a53d/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT AlphaFold 1 introduced in: Senior et al. 2020 — DeepMind protein structure prediction. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/a77a8dd48941a53d.json. alphafold-1, alphafold, deepmind, protein-structure, foundational, 2020, introduced_in, nature https://sourcescore.org/claims/4335bf51bf0fc14f/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/4335bf51bf0fc14f/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT MoE Mixtral 8x22B released on: 2024-04-10 by Mistral AI. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/4335bf51bf0fc14f.json. mixtral-8x22b, mistral, moe, open-weights, released_on, 2024 https://sourcescore.org/claims/f82eba5c7f5fa09f/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/f82eba5c7f5fa09f/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Anthropic Claude Sonnet 4 released on: 2025-05-22 by Anthropic. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/f82eba5c7f5fa09f.json. claude-sonnet-4, claude-4, anthropic, released_on, 2025 https://sourcescore.org/claims/9c871f7e7d056dc8/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/9c871f7e7d056dc8/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT OpenAI o3-mini publicly released on: 2025-01-31 by OpenAI. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/9c871f7e7d056dc8.json. openai-o3-mini, openai, reasoning, released_on, 2025 https://sourcescore.org/claims/1529ff37ac65916a/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/1529ff37ac65916a/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Gemini 2.5 Pro publicly released on: 2025-03-25 by Google DeepMind. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/1529ff37ac65916a.json. gemini-2.5-pro, gemini-2.5, google, deepmind, reasoning, released_on, 2025 https://sourcescore.org/claims/a1cbe9c4e3a5c8d3/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/a1cbe9c4e3a5c8d3/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Stanford Alpaca publicly released on: 2023-03-13 — instruction-tuned LLaMA 7B from Stanford CRFM. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/a1cbe9c4e3a5c8d3.json. stanford-alpaca, alpaca, stanford, llama, instruction-tuning, released_on, 2023 https://sourcescore.org/claims/9ef37fbd1460c501/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/9ef37fbd1460c501/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT LangSmith publicly released on: 2023-07-18 by LangChain — LLM observability + evaluation platform. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/9ef37fbd1460c501.json. langsmith, langchain, observability, evaluation, released_on, 2023 https://sourcescore.org/claims/981a3d33fc084f10/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/981a3d33fc084f10/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Tavily founded in: 2023 — search API for AI agents. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 95%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/981a3d33fc084f10.json. tavily, search-api, agent-tools, company, founded, 2023 https://sourcescore.org/claims/24950bf9a1d5c57f/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/24950bf9a1d5c57f/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Instructor library introduced in: Jason Liu 2023 — structured outputs from LLMs via Pydantic. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/24950bf9a1d5c57f.json. instructor, structured-outputs, pydantic, framework, open-source, released_on, 2023 https://sourcescore.org/claims/35cfa854f37981dd/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/35cfa854f37981dd/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Chroma vector database publicly released on: 2023-02-14 by Chroma Inc.. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/35cfa854f37981dd.json. chroma, vector-database, open-source, released_on, 2023 https://sourcescore.org/claims/aa5b818bcc5124d7/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/aa5b818bcc5124d7/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Milvus vector database publicly released on: 2019-10-15 by Zilliz. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/aa5b818bcc5124d7.json. milvus, zilliz, vector-database, open-source, released_on, 2019 https://sourcescore.org/claims/af53bd9ee3eceae8/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/af53bd9ee3eceae8/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT pgvector publicly released on: 2021-04-20 by Andrew Kane — Postgres vector extension. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/af53bd9ee3eceae8.json. pgvector, postgres, vector-database, extension, open-source, released_on, 2021 https://sourcescore.org/claims/17935e8dbd615dc2/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/17935e8dbd615dc2/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT CrewAI publicly released on: 2023-12 by João Moura — multi-agent orchestration framework. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 95%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/17935e8dbd615dc2.json. crewai, multi-agent, framework, orchestration, open-source, released_on, 2023 https://sourcescore.org/claims/f943ed167ebbf186/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/f943ed167ebbf186/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT AutoGen publicly released on: 2023-09-25 by Microsoft Research. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/f943ed167ebbf186.json. autogen, microsoft, multi-agent, framework, open-source, released_on, 2023 https://sourcescore.org/claims/f3f89b1db2dd4ec1/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/f3f89b1db2dd4ec1/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Microsoft Semantic Kernel publicly released on: 2023-03-17 by Microsoft. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/f3f89b1db2dd4ec1.json. semantic-kernel, microsoft, framework, open-source, released_on, 2023 https://sourcescore.org/claims/6218cda83723327f/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/6218cda83723327f/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Haystack publicly released on: 2020-04 by deepset GmbH. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/6218cda83723327f.json. haystack, deepset, framework, rag, open-source, released_on, 2020 https://sourcescore.org/claims/78ec1ceed08a221c/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/78ec1ceed08a221c/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Triton inference server publicly released on: 2018-11 by NVIDIA — formerly TensorRT Inference Server. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/78ec1ceed08a221c.json. triton, nvidia, inference, serving, open-source, released_on, 2018 https://sourcescore.org/claims/ef80f618f64bc8b2/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/ef80f618f64bc8b2/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Modal Labs founded in: 2021 — serverless GPU + AI infrastructure. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 95%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/ef80f618f64bc8b2.json. modal, modal-labs, serverless, infrastructure, company, founded, 2021 https://sourcescore.org/claims/4244c11611a72550/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/4244c11611a72550/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT SGLang introduced in: Zheng et al. 2024 — efficient LLM serving with structured outputs. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/4244c11611a72550.json. sglang, uc-berkeley, inference, structured-outputs, open-source, 2024, introduced_in https://sourcescore.org/claims/f1e5afb457a428c6/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/f1e5afb457a428c6/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT VAE (Variational Autoencoder) introduced in: Kingma & Welling 2013 — auto-encoding variational Bayes. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/f1e5afb457a428c6.json. vae, kingma, welling, generative, foundational, 2013, introduced_in https://sourcescore.org/claims/f14acb906ba6c12f/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/f14acb906ba6c12f/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Knowledge Distillation popularized in: Hinton, Vinyals, Dean 2015 — distilling the knowledge in a neural network. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/f14acb906ba6c12f.json. knowledge-distillation, hinton, google, compression, foundational, 2015, introduced_in https://sourcescore.org/claims/d5ce871dc69e7b04/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/d5ce871dc69e7b04/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Llama 4 released on: 2025-04-05 by Meta — Scout + Maverick + Behemoth lineup. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/d5ce871dc69e7b04.json. llama-4, meta, open-weights, moe, multimodal, released_on, 2025 https://sourcescore.org/claims/25a7861bd919a053/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/25a7861bd919a053/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Anthropic Claude Haiku 3.5 released on: 2024-11-04 by Anthropic. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/25a7861bd919a053.json. claude-3.5-haiku, anthropic, released_on, 2024 https://sourcescore.org/claims/717c4809d659743f/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/717c4809d659743f/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Replit Agent publicly released on: 2024-09-05 by Replit. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 95%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/717c4809d659743f.json. replit-agent, replit, coding-agent, released_on, 2024 https://sourcescore.org/claims/7989a48c95f119a8/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/7989a48c95f119a8/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Devin publicly released on: 2024-03-12 by Cognition Labs. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 95%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/7989a48c95f119a8.json. devin, cognition-labs, coding-agent, released_on, 2024 https://sourcescore.org/claims/6e19ed543cadbcdd/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/6e19ed543cadbcdd/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Groq LPU publicly released on: 2024-02-19 by Groq — language processing unit inference. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 95%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/6e19ed543cadbcdd.json. groq, lpu, inference, hardware, released_on, 2024 https://sourcescore.org/claims/983cf6ade8ab3be0/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/983cf6ade8ab3be0/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Cerebras founded in: 2016 — wafer-scale AI chip company. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/983cf6ade8ab3be0.json. cerebras, wafer-scale, hardware, company, founded, 2016 https://sourcescore.org/claims/b3d655b5b021fff5/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/b3d655b5b021fff5/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Anthropic API publicly released on: 2023-07-11 — general availability. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/b3d655b5b021fff5.json. anthropic-api, anthropic, claude, released_on, 2023 https://sourcescore.org/claims/e15378ee47c08761/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/e15378ee47c08761/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT GPT-4 Vision publicly released on: 2023-09-25 by OpenAI. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/e15378ee47c08761.json. gpt-4v, gpt-4-vision, openai, multimodal, vision, released_on, 2023 https://sourcescore.org/claims/590b9de765b8126e/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/590b9de765b8126e/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT InstructGPT introduced in: Ouyang et al. 2022 — RLHF-tuned GPT-3, direct ancestor of ChatGPT. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/590b9de765b8126e.json. instructgpt, openai, rlhf, alignment, foundational, 2022, introduced_in https://sourcescore.org/claims/65093b496018360a/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/65093b496018360a/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Anthropic Computer Use publicly released on: 2024-10-22 by Anthropic — Claude 3.5 Sonnet computer use beta. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/65093b496018360a.json. computer-use, anthropic, agent, released_on, 2024 https://sourcescore.org/claims/5e49fa8ac1952fde/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/5e49fa8ac1952fde/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT OpenAI Realtime API publicly released on: 2024-10-01 by OpenAI. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/5e49fa8ac1952fde.json. realtime-api, openai, voice, released_on, 2024 https://sourcescore.org/claims/818889a574ef3b46/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/818889a574ef3b46/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT OpenAI Assistants API publicly released on: 2023-11-06 by OpenAI. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/818889a574ef3b46.json. assistants-api, openai, agents, released_on, 2023 https://sourcescore.org/claims/9d7676f71d1ee4f3/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/9d7676f71d1ee4f3/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Tree of Thoughts introduced in: Yao et al. 2023 — deliberate problem solving with LLMs. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/9d7676f71d1ee4f3.json. tree-of-thoughts, tot, princeton, deepmind, reasoning, prompting, 2023, introduced_in https://sourcescore.org/claims/f068236101568ad7/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/f068236101568ad7/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Mixture of Experts (MoE) revival popularized in: Shazeer et al. 2017 — outrageously large neural networks via sparse gating. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/f068236101568ad7.json. moe, mixture-of-experts, shazeer, google, foundational, iclr, 2017, introduced_in https://sourcescore.org/claims/6cdc7730bf41bb3d/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/6cdc7730bf41bb3d/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Speculative decoding introduced in: Leviathan, Kalman, Matias 2023 — Google Research. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/6cdc7730bf41bb3d.json. speculative-decoding, google, inference, foundational, icml, 2022, introduced_in https://sourcescore.org/claims/cccd161dd058a31e/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/cccd161dd058a31e/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT MTEB benchmark introduced in: Muennighoff et al. 2022 — Massive Text Embedding Benchmark. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/cccd161dd058a31e.json. mteb, benchmark, embeddings, huggingface, evaluation, 2022, introduced_in https://sourcescore.org/claims/b7f2b38c4041e55c/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/b7f2b38c4041e55c/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Apple Intelligence publicly released on: 2024-10-28 by Apple. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/b7f2b38c4041e55c.json. apple-intelligence, apple, consumer-ai, released_on, 2024 https://sourcescore.org/claims/83f16c72e657e86e/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/83f16c72e657e86e/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Black Forest Labs Flux publicly released on: 2024-08-01 — Flux.1 [pro/dev/schnell] image generation. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/83f16c72e657e86e.json. flux, black-forest-labs, image-generation, text-to-image, released_on, 2024 https://sourcescore.org/claims/c755a0e6b5f19e15/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/c755a0e6b5f19e15/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Anthropic Tool Use (general availability) publicly released on: 2024-05-30 by Anthropic. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/c755a0e6b5f19e15.json. tool-use, anthropic, function-calling, released_on, 2024 https://sourcescore.org/claims/56b076e0e63f054f/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/56b076e0e63f054f/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT OpenAI Function Calling publicly released on: 2023-06-13 by OpenAI. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/56b076e0e63f054f.json. function-calling, openai, tool-use, released_on, 2023 https://sourcescore.org/claims/a4b4d4b7d5ab6740/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/a4b4d4b7d5ab6740/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Perplexity AI founded in: 2022 — AI-powered answer engine. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/a4b4d4b7d5ab6740.json. perplexity, perplexity-ai, ai-search, company, founded, 2022 https://sourcescore.org/claims/0c83319b6c5dac0e/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/0c83319b6c5dac0e/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Suno AI founded in: 2023 — AI music generation. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 95%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/0c83319b6c5dac0e.json. suno, suno-ai, music-generation, company, founded, 2023 https://sourcescore.org/claims/dbdffd0d513ce369/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/dbdffd0d513ce369/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT ElevenLabs founded in: 2022 — AI voice synthesis platform. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 95%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/dbdffd0d513ce369.json. elevenlabs, voice-synthesis, tts, company, founded, 2022 https://sourcescore.org/claims/8b05095324238a8b/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/8b05095324238a8b/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Runway ML founded in: 2018 — AI creative tools and video generation. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/8b05095324238a8b.json. runway, runwayml, video-generation, creative-ai, company, founded, 2018 https://sourcescore.org/claims/186ee5950b1f645e/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/186ee5950b1f645e/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Midjourney publicly released on: 2022-07-12 — public beta launch. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/186ee5950b1f645e.json. midjourney, image-generation, released_on, 2022 https://sourcescore.org/claims/9ef57203f2dd34ec/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/9ef57203f2dd34ec/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Hugging Face Hub publicly released on: 2020-09 — model + dataset sharing platform. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/9ef57203f2dd34ec.json. hugging-face-hub, hugging-face, model-hub, open-source, released_on, 2020 https://sourcescore.org/claims/6fa575eb9df5ac32/ https://sourcescore.org/claims/6fa575eb9df5ac32/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Anthropic Constitutional AI Harmlessness introduced in paper: Bai et al. 2022 — training a helpful and harmless assistant. Verified 2026-05-16. Confidence 100%. 2 primary sources. HMAC-SHA256 signed envelope at https://sourcescore.org/api/v1/claims/6fa575eb9df5ac32.json. constitutional-ai, cai, anthropic, alignment, harmlessness, foundational, 2022, introduced_in